【论文摘要】司法解释关于“明知是捏造的损害他人名誉的事实,在信息网络上散布,情节恶劣的,以‘捏造事实诽谤他人’论”的规定,属于平义解释而非类推解释。作为诽谤罪 对象的“他人”并不排斥公众人物,但根据我国宪法的规定,刑法必须适当降低对公众人物 名誉的保护规格。司法解释关于网络诽谤“情节严重”规定的缺陷,不在于客观归罪与扩 大处罚范围,而在于不当缩小了网络诽谤的处罚范围“告诉的才处理”并不意味着必须 由被害人自诉,而是指不得违反被害人的意愿进入刑事诉讼程序。
【论文关键词 】网络诽谤 捏造事实 诽谤他人 情节严重告诉的才处理
Abstract I According to the Judicial Interpretation on Several Issues concerning the Defamation through Information Networks, whoever knowingly spreads the facts fabricated to damage another person’s reputation on an information network shall, if the circumstances are execrable, be deemed as having “fabricated facts to defame another person This interpretation is a literal interpretation instead of an analogical interpretation. “Another person” that is defamed in the above provision does not exclude public figures, however, according to the Constitution Law of China, the Criminal Law shall have to duly lower the protection level of public figures ’ reputation. There are imperfections regarding the interpretation regarding what circumstances shall be deemed as “serious circumstance ”, but those imperfections lie not in the objective incrimination or over extension of punishment scope as disputed, but in the unduly restricting the punishment scope of defamation through information networks. “Cases of private prosecution” does not mean such case can only be prosecuted by the victim; instead,it only means such case cannot be brought into criminal procedure violating the victim’s willingness.
引言
《刑法》第246条第1款规定:“以暴力或者其他方法公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽 谤他人,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剥夺政治权利。”第2款规 定:‘前款罪,告诉的才处理,但是严重危害社会秩序和国家利益的除外。由于网络已经 成为信息的重要载体,是人们发表言论的重要平台,于是,网络诽谤也成为诽谤罪的重 要表现形式。虽然制定刑法时并没有出现网络诽谤现象,但这并不意味着网络诽谤不 受刑法规制。法律的真实含义随着社会生活事实的变化而变化,?司法机关应当根据社 会生活事实解释刑法条文。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院于2013年9月6日发布了 《关于办理利用信息网络实施诽谤等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称 《解释》),就网络诽谤的相关问题做出了规定。但是《解释》没有就网络诽谤的全部问 题提出解决方案,而且部分解释内容引发了新的争论。本文按照《刑法》第246条的规 定,就“捏造事实诽谤’、“他人’、“情节严重’、“告诉的才处理”几个争议问题发表浅见,②以求教于同仁。
一、关于“捏造事实诽谤”
(一)争议问题 |