【论文摘要】目的研究腹腔镜治疗复杂性阑尾炎的近期和远期疗效,探讨其临床适用性。方法取2012年1月~2013年7月在我院就诊的90例复杂性阑尾炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,各45例。对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗,实验组采用腹腔镜手术治疗。比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,出院1、2年后随访,比较其阑尾炎复发率。结果实验组的术中出血量明显少于对照组,术后排气时间、住院时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院1年后,实验组的阑尾炎复发率为2.22%,明显低于对照组的6.67%;出院2年后,实验组的阑尾炎复发率为4.44%,明显低于对照组的15.56%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组的总并发症发生率为20.00%,明显高于实验组的6.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜治疗伴阑尾周围脓肿、穿孔及坏疽的复杂性阑尾炎的近期和远期疗效好,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。 【论文关键词】复杂性阑尾炎;腹腔镜;近期疗效;远期疗效;并发症 Analysis of short and long term efficacy of laparoscope in the treatment of complicated appendicitis LAI Bei-ping LI Wen-ping ZHONG Xiang [Abstract] Objective To study short and long term efficacy of laparoscope in the treatment of complicated appendicitis,and explore their clinical applicability. Methods From January 2012 to July 2013,90 patients with complicated appendicitis treated by our hospital were randomly divided into control group and experimental group,and there were 45 cases in each group.Control group was given traditional open surgery,while experimental group was given laparoscopic surgery.The blood loss during operation,operative time,postoperative exhaust time,hospital stay and occurrence of complication in patients between two groups was compared respectively,and after followed-up by 1 year,2 years in patients leaving hospital,recurrence rate of appendicitis was compared respectively. Results The blood loss during operation in experimental group was obviously less than that of control group,postoperative exhaust time,hospital stay was obviously shorter than that of control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The recurrence rate of appendicitis after 1 year leaving hospital in experimental group (2.22%) was lower than that of control group(6.67%);the recurrence rate after 2 year leaving hospital in experimental group (4.44%) was lower than that of control group (15.56%),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The overall incidence rate of complication in control group (20.00%) was obviously higher than that of experimental group (6.67%),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The short-term and long-term efficacy of laparoscopic treating complexity appendicitis with abscess,perforation and gangrene around the appendix is good,and it is worthy of clinical promotion and application. [Key words] Complicated appendicitis;Laparoscope;Short-term efficacy;Long-term efficacy;Complication 急性阑尾炎为临床常见的外科疾病,分为复杂性阑尾炎与非复杂性阑尾炎[1],复杂性阑尾炎包括阑尾周围脓肿、穿孔性和坏疽性阑尾炎[2]。近年来,腹腔镜手术飞速发展,腹腔镜能够直观地观察到脏器病变及阑尾周围的解剖结构,且具有放大作用,非复杂性阑尾炎采用腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗操作简单、效果显著,受到外科医师的广泛认可,但是复杂性阑尾炎采用腹腔镜治疗的操作相对较复杂[3],近期、远期疗效以及安全性还有待进一步研究,本文选取在我院就诊的90例复杂性阑尾炎患者作为研究对象进行研究,现报告如下。 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料 选取2012年1月~2013年7月在我院就诊的90例复杂性阑尾炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,各45例。对照组:男23例,女22例,平均年龄为(36.78±7.09)岁,病理分型为脓肿型15例、穿孔型21例、坏疽型9例;实验组:男21例,女24例,平均年龄为(37.13±6.14)岁,病理分型为脓肿型13例、穿孔型22例、坏疽型10例。两组患者的性别、年龄、病程、病理分型等一般临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。 1.2方法 两组患者进行手术前1h均静脉滴注足量抗生素,做好保护患者手术切口区域的准备工作。对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗:给予硬腰联合麻醉,于麦氏点处斜行切口至腹腔,吸除腹、盆腔内积液,离断阑尾,进行荷包缝合并将阑尾残端包埋,用甲硝唑注射液和0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗腹腔,引流管放置好后关闭切口。实验组采用腹腔镜手术治疗,通过气管插管给予全身麻醉,患者取平卧位,通过在脐部戳孔建立气腹,将10mmTrocar置入作为观察孔,然后常规探查腹腔内部情况,明确阑尾的位置及发生病变的范围,将10mmTrocar置入右上腹部作为主操作孔,将5mmTrocar置入脐部与耻骨联合连线中点作为辅助孔。若腹腔、盆腔探查发现有积脓,先用吸引器将其吸净,然后分离周围的粘连,沿着结肠袋逐渐找到阑尾,用钛夹夹闭阑尾系膜,游离阑尾,根据阑尾根部的粗细、水肿程度、是否穿孔,采用丝线双重缝扎、丝线结扎+钛夹夹闭等处理方法,将标本装入标本袋中,由观察孔取出,最后用甲硝唑注射液和0.9%氯化钠溶液反复冲洗腹腔、盆腔至液体变清,用碘伏溶液消毒戳孔,若污染较重则放置引流管引流。术后均对两组患者进行药敏试验,然后应用常规的抗生素,确保加强切口护理。 1.3观察指标 比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间、住院时间等近期疗效,并发症发生情况,出院1、2年后随访,比较其阑尾炎复发率。 1.4统计学处理 采用SPSS16.0统计学软件对数据进行统计学处理,计数资料采用χ2检验,计量资料采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 2结果 2.1两组患者近期疗效的比较 实验组的术中出血量明显少于对照组,术后排气时间、住院时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。 表1两组患者近期疗效的比较(x±s) 2.2两组患者远期疗效的比较 出院1、2年后,实验组的阑尾炎复发率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。 表2两组患者远期疗效的比较(%) 2.3两组患者术后并发症发生率的比较 对照组的并发症总发生率为20.00%,明显高于实验组的6.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。 表3两组患者术后并发症发生率的比较[n(%)] 与对照组比较,*P<0.05 |