据研究发现慢性肺部疾病患者约36%~60%同时合并骨质疏松症,而且肺功能损害程度与骨质疏松的发生以及疾病的严重程度呈正比[13]。COPD患者合并髋部和脊柱的骨质疏松症是对照组的5倍[14]。COPD合并骨质疏松症的病理生理机制复杂,至今仍未完全阐明。COPD的病理特点是患者肺通气功能减退,严重的患者往往会出现呼吸衰竭。有作者研究发现PaCO2增加和血pH值下降与COPD患者的骨密度呈现一定的相关性[15]。血液呈酸性时,酸性物质可以中和血钙,使血中游离钙浓度降低,骨组织中的钙就会释放到循环的血液中,导致骨组织中的钙减少。本文第2例患者不仅营养状况比较差,血气分析提示呼吸性酸中毒,患者的骨质疏松症非常严重。
总之,应重视COPD相关性骨质疏松症,提高诊断意识。COPD合并骨质疏松症应给予早期诊断和干预,其疗效对患者活动能力的保持和生活质量的提高乃至延缓死亡等具有重要意义。
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